kWh vs kVAh — what's the difference and why your bill uses one or the other
Tariffs & billing · 5 min read · Updated 2026-03-15
TL;DR
kWh measures real energy. kVAh measures apparent energy (real + reactive). Commercial utilities bill in kVAh because it reflects network load. Improve power factor to make kWh ≈ kVAh and the surcharge disappears.
Formula in one line
kVAh = kWh ÷ PF. So at PF = 1.0, kVAh = kWh. At PF = 0.80, kVAh = 1.25 × kWh.
Frequently asked questions
How do I know if I'm billed in kWh or kVAh?
Check your monthly bill. 'Energy charge' at the 'unit rate' in kVAh indicates kVAh billing. Contact your utility if unclear.
